Prolog (programming in logic) is one
of the most widely used programming languages in artificial intelligence
research. As opposed to imperative languages such as C or Java (which also
happens to be object-oriented) it is a declarative programming language. That
means, when implementing the solution to a problem, instead of specifying how
to achieve a certain goal in a certain situation, we specify what the situation
(rules and facts) and the goal (query) are and let the Prolog interpreter
derive the solution for us. Prolog is very useful in some problem areas, such
as artificial intelligence, natural language processing, databases,
Prolog is a ‘declarative’ language........
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Clauses are statements about what is true about a problem, instead of
instructions how to accomplish the solution.
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The Prolog system uses the clauses to work out how to accomplish the
solution by searching through the space of possible solutions.
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Not all problems have pure declarative specifications. Sometimes extra
logical statements are needed.
